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Lucas Weber
Principal Chemist
GIP/GLP-1
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Product description
GIP/GLP-1 is a synthetic peptide analog that has been investigated for its effects on insulin signaling, glucagon modulation, and gastric motility under experimental conditions. GIP/GLP-1 works as a dual receptor agonist, meaning that it interacts with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors, which are involved in pathways related to metabolic regulation. This product requires reconstitution before use and is intended for research purposes only. Not for human consumption.
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GIP/GLP-1
- Characteristics
- How does Tirzepatide work?
- Research
- Safety & Handling
- Summary
- References
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- Peptonova Labs peptides
Characteristics
Compound class | 39-residue synthetic dual incretin receptor agonist |
CAS Number | 2023788-19-2 |
Molecular Formula | C225H348N48O68 |
Molar Mass | 4813 g/mol |
Synonyms | Tirzepatide, LY3298176 |
Molecular target | GIP receptor and GLP-1 receptor (imbalanced dual agonist) |
Physical form | Lyophilized powder |
Solubility | Water-soluble |
Lot documentation | Lot-specific Certificate of Analysis recording identity and measured purity |
How does Tirzepatide work?
Tirzepatide is a 39-residue synthetic peptide that acts as an agonist at both the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. Its backbone is based on the native GIP sequence, modified to add GLP-1 receptor activity and carrying a C20 fatty diacid moiety that binds albumin and supports a once-weekly interval.
The two receptors are not engaged equally. Tirzepatide is described as an imbalanced dual agonist, with greater potency at the GIP receptor than at the GLP-1 receptor, and the pharmacological consequences of that imbalance are an active research question rather than a settled matter.
The GIP arm is the interesting one experimentally. GIP receptor agonism was long considered unhelpful in type 2 diabetes because the incretin response to GIP is blunted in that condition; the clinical performance of dual agonism has forced a reassessment of that view, and the mechanism by which GIP contributes remains debated — with adipose tissue and central appetite circuits both proposed.
Research
Findings below are drawn from published preclinical and clinical work and are presented for research context only.
Dual receptor agonism. Simultaneous GIP and GLP-1 receptor activation produces effects on glycaemia and body weight exceeding those of selective GLP-1 receptor agonism in head-to-head comparison.
Imbalanced potency. Greater potency at GIP than at GLP-1 is a designed property; its contribution to the observed clinical profile is not fully resolved.
Weight and glycaemic endpoints. The clinical literature covers both type 2 diabetes and obesity indications, with diabetes prevention endpoints reported in more recent work.
Mechanism of the GIP contribution. Whether GIP receptor agonism acts principally through adipose tissue, central appetite regulation, or potentiation of GLP-1 signalling remains an open question and a substantial focus of current research.
Safety & Handling
This section describes laboratory handling. It is not clinical guidance, and no safety claim for human or veterinary administration is made or implied.
Supplied lyophilized. Reconstituted peptide solutions have materially shorter working stability than the dry powder — prepare working aliquots and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Handle as a research chemical of undetermined hazard. Use gloves, eye protection and a laboratory coat.
Storage temperature and, where applicable, reconstitution conditions are stated on the item specification sheet and the lot Certificate of Analysis, which take precedence over general guidance.
Dispose of unused material and consumables in accordance with the institutional chemical waste policy.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Not a drug, food, cosmetic or dietary supplement.
Summary
Tirzepatide is an imbalanced dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist built on a modified GIP backbone with a C20 fatty diacid for albumin binding and extended half-life.
Its research interest lies in the GIP arm: the contribution of GIP receptor agonism to the observed metabolic profile overturned an earlier assumption that the receptor was not a useful target, and the mechanism remains actively debated.
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